The rates of FAS/FAE in some First Nations and Inuit communities in Canada are much higher than the national average. Moreover, FAS/FAE exists in the context of the history of colonization and devaluation endured by First Nations and Inuit, which has resulted in a loss of culture. Therefore, the issue of FAS/FAE is a serious concern to First Nations and Inuit communities. This document outlines the framework for the FNIHB FAS/FAE Initiative, and is a resource manual for Community-based prevention of FAS/FAE. The purpose of this framework is to guide the development, implementation, and evaluation of the Initiative, which will provide a structure and identify Initiative components relative to the needs of First Nations and Inuit communities. This framework is based on the values, principles, objectives, and needs identified by First Nations and Inuit communities across Canada.